Advances in the in vitro digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides

In vitro digestion models are widely used to study the structural changes, digestion and release of food components under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. As compared to the in vivo digestion tests, the in vitro digestion reflects the digestion and utilisation of food after ingestion and has the advantages of being time consuming, inexpensive, reproducible and free from moral and ethical restrictions. This study reviewed the current research studies on the in vitro simulated digestion of polysaccharides conducted in the last 5 years and focused on the oral, gastric and intestinal digestion models, with the aim of providing a basis for the further testing of changes in the content, structure and active ingredients of polysaccharides before and after digestion.     

Efficient defect passivation for high performance perovskite solar cell by adding alizarin red S

Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have excellent photoelectric properties and show great commercialization potential. However, there are a lot of crystal defects in the perovskite films prepared by solution method, which reduces the development process of solar cells. In this work, alizarin red s (ARS) was doped into MAPbI₃ films to passivate the defect. It was shown that the addition of ARS increased the quality of perovskite film and doped perovskite film exhibited improved light absorption. In addition, it was found that there was a strong interaction between ARS and perovskite, which reduced the density of defect states. The results showed that the passivated perovskite device had improved PL intensity, increased carrier lifetimes and reduced charge recombination. After passivation, the device obtained a higher open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 1.103 V where the control device was 1.055 V, and the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the doped device was 18.82%, which is 11.36% higher than that of the control device of 16.90%.

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Creep of sintered porous micron-silver: nanoindentation experiment and theoretical analysis

Journal of Materials Science - Nano/micron-silver paste has been applied in high-temperature packaging of chips as a potential lead-free solder. At specific sintering temperature, the particle size...     

MoO3 structures transition from nanoflowers to nanorods and their sensing performances

Morphology transformation and crystal growth strategies of metal oxide semiconductors are still extensively studied in material science recently, because the morphology and crystallinity significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of metal oxide nanomaterials. However, understanding the morphology changes of α-MoO₃ induced by annealing is still a challenge. Herein, the nanostructure transition of α-MoO₃ induced by the annealing temperature is carefully investigated via the XRD and SEM methods. It can be found that crystallization is highly dependent on the annealing temperature. Interestingly, the MoO₃ nanoflowers can change into nanosheets at 500 °C. Afterward, the nanosheets turned into microrods with the increase in annealing temperature due to the continuous growth of MoO₃ crystal. On the other hand, the sensing performances of various MoO₃ nanostructures are studied toward ethanol gas. Compared to the MoO₃ nanoflowers and microrods, the MoO₃ nanosheets-based sensor exhibits superior sensing performance to ethanol, and the maximum response value is 8.06.

     

Changes in the content and antioxidative activity of β-carotene and its metabolite vitamin A during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and optimisation of HPLC-based detection

The β-Carotene (BC), an important precursor of vitamin A (VA), possesses antioxidant activity but is fat-soluble and has low bioavailability. In previous in-vitro assays evaluating antioxidant and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) free radical scavenging, both BC and VA showed a strong ability to scavenge radicals and protected cells from oxidative stress. Here, we used artificially simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell absorption models to evaluate the bioavailability of the BC during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We observed high absorptive and transfer rates of BC and detected retinol metabolites (Vitamin A). Therefore, BC can be detected in the acidic gastrointestinal environment using HPLC. Optimised method provided better separation of BC and VA in the column, improving the accuracy of the test results.     

Enhanced thermal conductivity and stability of boron nitride/phenyl silicone rubber composites via surface modification and grain alignment

Journal of Materials Science - With the extensive use of high-power electronic appliances, polymer-based thermal insulation composites with excellent thermal properties are utilized in the field of...     

GeSe: Generalized static embedding

Applied Intelligence - In natural language processing, most text representation methods can be generally categorized into two paradigms: static and dynamic. Both have distinctive advantages, which...     

基于PID-二分组合控制算法的分布参数空气源热泵仿真模型的研究

采用分布参数法建立双级压缩空气源热泵系统热力学模型,建立一种基于PID-二分组合控制算法的全系统循环分布参数模型,并结合实验数据验证该模型的准确性。结果表明：系统模型在双级压缩制热模式下制热性能系数（COP）的模拟数据与实验数据的平均偏差为5.41%,两者在不同运行模式下的最大偏差不超过15%,均在可信范围之内,模型能准确反映系统性能随外界参数变化的规律;该模型与单独使用比例积分微分（PID）控制算法的分布参数法模型相比,总迭代次数较原模型减少约2.96倍,极大减少了模型的计算量,可在保证模型精度的情况下提升模型的计算速度。